Le signore del Nobel (per la chimica 2020)

FILE - In this Dec. 1, 2015, file photo, Jennifer Doudna, a University of California, Berkeley professor and co-inventor of the CRISPR gene-editing tool, speaks at the National Academy of Sciences international summit on the safety and ethics of human gene editing, in Washington. Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier have been awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the development of a method for genome editing. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, File)
FILE -- In this May 19, 2015 file photo French microbiologist Emmanuelle Charpentier poses for a photo in Brunswick, Germany. French scientist Emmanuelle Charpentier and American Jennifer A. Doudna have won the Nobel Prize 2020 in chemistry for developing a method of genome editing likened to ‘molecular scissors’ that offer the promise of one day curing genetic diseases. (Peter Steffen/dpa via AP)
Professor Pernilla Wittung Stafshede, left, and Goran K. Hansson, Secretary General of the Academy of Sciences, after announcing the winners of the 2020 Nobel prize in Chemistry during a news conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, in Stockholm, Sweden, Wednesday Oct. 7, 2020. The 2020 Nobel Prize for chemistry has been awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier, left on screen, and Jennifer Doudna “for the development of a method for genome editing.” (Henrik Montgomery/TT via AP)
FILE -- In this March 14, 2016 file photo American biochemist Jennifer A. Doudna, left, and the French microbiologist Emmanuelle Charpentier, right, poses for a photo in Frankfurt, Germany. French scientist Emmanuelle Charpentier and American Jennifer A. Doudna have won the Nobel Prize 2020 in chemistry for developing a method of genome editing likened to ‘molecular scissors’ that offer the promise of one day curing genetic diseases. (Alexander Heinl/dpa via AP)
FILE -- In this March 14, 2016 file photo American biochemist Jennifer A. Doudna poses for a photo in Frankfurt, Germany. French scientist Emmanuelle Charpentier and American Jennifer A. Doudna have won the Nobel Prize 2020 in chemistry for developing a method of genome editing likened to ‘molecular scissors’ that offer the promise of one day curing genetic diseases. (Alexander Heinl/dpa via AP)
FILE - This Tuesday, Dec. 1, 2015 file combo image shows Emmanuelle Charpentier, left, and Jennifer Doudna, both speaking at the National Academy of Sciences international summit on the safety and ethics of human gene editing, in Washington. The 2020 Nobel Prize for chemistry has been awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna “for the development of a method for genome editing.” A panel at the Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm made the announcement Wednesday Oct. 7, 2020. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, File)
FILE -- In this May 19, 2015 file photo French microbiologist Emmanuelle Charpentier poses for a photo in Brunswick, Germany. French scientist Emmanuelle Charpentier and American Jennifer A. Doudna have won the Nobel Prize 2020 in chemistry for developing a method of genome editing likened to ‘molecular scissors’ that offer the promise of one day curing genetic diseases. (Peter Steffen/dpa via AP)

Le scienziate Emmanuelle Charpentier (francese, 51 anni) e Jennifer A. Doudna (statunitense, 56 anni) sono state premiate dall’Accademia svedese per lo sviluppo di un nuovo metodo per la manipolazione del genoma. La tecnica in questione, chiamata Crispr, è di una potenza incredibile («solo l’immaginazione può porre limiti al suo utilizzo» ha scritto l’Accademia) e allo stesso tempo di una semplicità e di una eleganza straordinaria: permette per la prima volta nella storia dell’umanità di modificare a piacimento il Dna contenuto nelle nostre cellule.

Naturalmente, fin dal momento della scoperta, che dal 2015 in poi è stata ulteriormente perfezionata, le ricercatrici stesse si sono rese conto delle problematiche etiche connesse al suo utilizzo. Un tema che occuperà la discussione pubblica nei prossimi anni.

Nel frattempo le due ricercatrici si godono il premio: hanno dimostrato, una volta di più, che non è vero che la ricerca scientifica sia appannaggio soprattutto degli uomini. Qualcuno le ha già chiamate “Le Thelma e Louise del Dna”.

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